TY - JOUR
T1 - Thermal and structural characteristics of date-pits as digested by Trichoderma reesei
AU - Al-Saidi, Samar Mohammed Khalaf
AU - Al-Kharousi, Zahra Sulaiman Nasser
AU - Rahman, Mohammad Shafiur
AU - Sivakumar, Nallusamy
AU - Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul
AU - Ashokkumar, Muthupandian
AU - Hussain, Malik
AU - Al-Habsi, Nasser
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/3/30
Y1 - 2024/3/30
N2 - The objective of this study was to develop functional date-pits by mold digestion for the potential use in food products. Whole date-pits (WDP) and defatted date-pits (DDP) were digested by mold Trichoderma reesei at 20 °C. T. reesei consumed date-pits as nutrients for their growth, and DDP showed higher growth of molds as compared to the WDP. The mold digested WDP and DDP samples showed an increased water solubility and hygroscopicity as compared to the samples prepared by autoclaved. This indicated that the mold digestion transformed date-pits to hydrophilic characteristics. Thermal analysis indicated a structural change at −3.2 °C for the untreated WDP and it was followed by a glass transition shift (i.e. onset: 138 °C and a specific heat change: 295 J/kg oC), and an endothermic peak at 196 °C with enthalpy of 68 J/g for the solids melting-decomposition. Similar characteristics were also observed for treated samples with the two glass transitions. The total specific heat changes for WDP, autoclaved-WDP, and digested-WDP were observed as 295, 367, and 328 J/kg oC, respectively. The total specific heat changes for DDP, autoclaved-DDP, and digested-DDP were observed as 778, 1329, and 1877 J/kg oC, respectively. This indicated that mold digestion transformed more amorphous fraction in the DDP. The energy absorption intensities of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra for the selected functional groups decreased by the mold digestion.
AB - The objective of this study was to develop functional date-pits by mold digestion for the potential use in food products. Whole date-pits (WDP) and defatted date-pits (DDP) were digested by mold Trichoderma reesei at 20 °C. T. reesei consumed date-pits as nutrients for their growth, and DDP showed higher growth of molds as compared to the WDP. The mold digested WDP and DDP samples showed an increased water solubility and hygroscopicity as compared to the samples prepared by autoclaved. This indicated that the mold digestion transformed date-pits to hydrophilic characteristics. Thermal analysis indicated a structural change at −3.2 °C for the untreated WDP and it was followed by a glass transition shift (i.e. onset: 138 °C and a specific heat change: 295 J/kg oC), and an endothermic peak at 196 °C with enthalpy of 68 J/g for the solids melting-decomposition. Similar characteristics were also observed for treated samples with the two glass transitions. The total specific heat changes for WDP, autoclaved-WDP, and digested-WDP were observed as 295, 367, and 328 J/kg oC, respectively. The total specific heat changes for DDP, autoclaved-DDP, and digested-DDP were observed as 778, 1329, and 1877 J/kg oC, respectively. This indicated that mold digestion transformed more amorphous fraction in the DDP. The energy absorption intensities of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra for the selected functional groups decreased by the mold digestion.
KW - Amorphous
KW - Crystallinity
KW - Glass transition
KW - Hygroscopicity
KW - Melting
KW - Proton mobility
KW - Trichoderma reesei
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85188946428&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85188946428&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/9305066a-d6cf-36ba-be4b-7fa7b9ac4c3d/
U2 - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28313
DO - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28313
M3 - Article
C2 - 38560674
AN - SCOPUS:85188946428
SN - 2405-8440
VL - 10
JO - Heliyon
JF - Heliyon
IS - 6
M1 - e28313
ER -