@article{0b799ad7e04844d38277c4ccaf0dead5,
title = "Nocturnal surface urban heat island over greater cairo: Spatial morphology, temporal trends and links to land-atmosphere influences",
abstract = "This study assesses the spatial and temporal characteristics of nighttime surface urban heat island (SUHI) effects over Greater Cairo: the largest metropolitan area in Africa. This study employed nighttime land surface temperature (LST) data at 1 km resolution from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua sensor for the period 2003–2019. We presented a new spatial anomaly algorithm, which allowed to define SUHI using the most anomalous hotspot and cold spot of LST for each time step over Greater Cairo between 2003 and 2019. Results demonstrate that although there is a significant increase in the spatial extent of SUHI over the past two decades, a significant decrease in the mean and maximum intensities of SUHI was noted. Moreover, we examined the dependency between SUHI characteristics and related factors that influence energy and heat fluxes between atmosphere and land in urban environments (e.g., surface albedo, vegetation cover, climate variability, and land cover/use changes). Results demonstrate that the decrease in the intensity of SUHI was mainly guided by a stronger warming in daytime and nighttime LST in the neighborhood of urban localities. This warming was accompanied by a decrease in surface albedo and diurnal temperature range (DTR) over these areas. Results of this study can provide guidance to local urban planners and decision-makers to adopt more effective mitigation strategies to diminish the negative impacts of urban warming on natural and human environments.",
keywords = "Greater Cairo, IST, Land use, NDVI, Surface albedo, Urban climate",
author = "{El Kenawy}, {Ahmed M.} and Mohamed Hereher and Robaa, {Sayed M.} and McCabe, {Matthew F.} and Lopez-Moreno, {Juan I.} and Fernando Dom{\'i}nguez-Castro and Gaber, {Islam M.} and Talal Al-Awadhi and Ali Al-Buloshi and Nasiri, {Noura Al} and Salim Al-Hatrushi and Schuwerack, {Petra Manuela} and Dhais Pe{\~n}a-Angulo and Abdelaal, {Mohamed M.} and Vicente-Serrano, {Sergio M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the research project PCIN-2015-220 and CGL2014-52135-C03-01 financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and FEDER, IMDROFLOOD financed by the Water Works 2014 co-funded call of the European Commission and INDECIS, which is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462). Funding Information: This research was funded by the research project PCIN-2015-220 and CGL2014-52135-C03-01 financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and FEDER, IMDROFLOOD financed by the Water Works 2014 co-funded call of the European Commission and INDECIS, which is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462). We also would like to thank the ORNL DAAC for providing MODIS/VIIRS LST data. A. El Kenawy, M. Hereher, Talal Al-Awadhi, Ali Al-Buloshi, Noura Al Nasiri, and Salim Al-Hatroushi are administratively supported by Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. MFM was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). Funding Information: Acknowledgments: We also would like to thank the ORNL DAAC for providing MODIS/VIIRS LST data. A. El Kenawy, M. Hereher, Talal Al-Awadhi, Ali Al-Buloshi, Noura Al Nasiri, and Salim Al-Hatroushi are administratively supported by Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. MFM was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2020",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/rs12233889",
language = "English",
volume = "12",
pages = "1--29",
journal = "Remote Sensing",
issn = "2072-4292",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "23",
}