@article{ffb562944d1142cba2e46f2a427e4d1a,
title = "Integrating life cycle assessment and characterisation techniques: A case study of biodiesel production utilising waste Prunus Armeniaca seeds (PAS) and a novel catalyst: A case study of biodiesel production utilising waste Prunus Armeniaca seeds (PAS) and a novel catalyst",
abstract = "Prunus Armeniaca seed (PAS) oil was utilised as a waste biomass feedstock for biodiesel production via a novel catalytic system (SrO–La2O3) based on different stoichiometric ratios. The catalysts have been characterised and followed by a parametric analysis to optimise catalyst results. The catalyst with a stoichiometric ratio of Sr: La-8 (Sr–La–C) using parametric analysis showed an optimum yield of methyl esters is 97.28% at 65 °C, reaction time 75 min, catalyst loading 3 wt% and methanol to oil molar ratio of 9. The optimum catalyst was tested using various oil feedstocks such as waste cooking oil, sunflower oil, PAS oil, date seed oil and animal fat. The life cycle assessment was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of biodiesel production utilising waste PAS, considering 1000 kg of biodiesel produced as 1 functional unit. The recorded results showed the cumulative abiotic depletion of fossil resources over the entire biodiesel production process as 22,920 MJ, global warming potential as 1150 kg CO2 equivalent, acidification potential as 4.89 kg SO2 equivalent and eutrophication potential as 0.2 kg PO43− equivalent for 1 tonne (1000 kg) of biodiesel produced. Furthermore, the energy ratio (measured as output energy divided by input energy) for the entire production process was 1.97. These results demonstrated that biodiesel obtained from the valorisation of waste PAS provides a suitable alternative to fossil fuels.",
keywords = "Circular economy, Life cycle assessment, Prunus armeniaca seed oil, SrO-LaO, Synergistic effect, Waste biomass, Animals, Prunus armeniaca, Plant Oils, Catalysis, Biofuels, Life Cycle Stages",
author = "Al-Muhtaseb, {Ala'a H.} and Osman, {Ahmed I.} and Farrukh Jamil and Neha Mehta and Lamya Al-Haj and Frederic Coulon and Suhaib Al-Maawali and {Al Nabhani}, Abdulrahman and Kyaw, {Htet Htet} and {Zar Myint}, {Myo Tay} and Rooney, {David W.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Sultan Qaboos University for their support. Ahmed Osman and David Rooney would like to acknowledge the support given by The Bryden Centre project (Project ID VA5048 ), which was awarded by The European Union's INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB), with match funding provided by the Department for the Economy in Northern Ireland and the Department of Business, Enterprise, and Innovation in the Republic of Ireland. Neha Mehta acknowledges funding from The Centre for Advanced Sustainable Energy (CASE). CASE is funded through Invest NI's Competence Centre Programme and aims to transform the sustainable energy sector through business research. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Sultan Qaboos University for their support. Ahmed Osman and David Rooney would like to acknowledge the support given by The Bryden Centre project (Project ID VA5048), which was awarded by The European Union's INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB), with match funding provided by the Department for the Economy in Northern Ireland and the Department of Business, Enterprise, and Innovation in the Republic of Ireland. Neha Mehta acknowledges funding from The Centre for Advanced Sustainable Energy (CASE). CASE is funded through Invest NI's Competence Centre Programme and aims to transform the sustainable energy sector through business research. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",
year = "2022",
month = feb,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114319",
language = "English",
volume = "304",
pages = "114319",
journal = "Journal of Environmental Management",
issn = "0301-4797",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}
