TY - JOUR
T1 - Hydrochars production, characterization and application for wastewater treatment
T2 - A review
AU - Azzaz, Ahmed Amine
AU - Khiari, Besma
AU - Jellali, Salah
AU - Ghimbeu, Camélia Matei
AU - Jeguirim, Mejdi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was realized in the frame of FERTICHAR project. FERTICHAR is funded through the ARIMNet2 (2017) Joint Call by the following funding agencies: ANR (France), HAO-DEMETER (Greece), MHESRT (Tunisia), ARIMNet2 (ERA-NET) has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 618127 . The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding agencies for their support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/7
Y1 - 2020/7
N2 - Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wet solid wastes has been pointed out as an eco-friendly, flexible and highly efficient technology for the sustainable valorization of multiple sourced wastes. In this review paper, most recent studies on hydrochars (solid residue of the HTC process) production, characterization and application for wastewaters treatment was summarized and deeply discussed. The role of initial feedstock source nature and characteristics as well as the HTC experimental conditions including the temperature, the residence time and the pH media was assessed. Physical and chemical activation methods including the use of oxygen, steam, microwave, acids, alkaline, organics and salty solutions for the improvement of the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrochars are compared. The efficiency of these raw/modified hydrochars along with the involved mechanisms during organic (dyes) and mineral pollutants (heavy metals and nutrients) removal from aqueous solutions is also reviewed. Finally, this paper addresses the main challenges and also demonstrates insights on new directions for hydrochars research and development in the future.
AB - Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wet solid wastes has been pointed out as an eco-friendly, flexible and highly efficient technology for the sustainable valorization of multiple sourced wastes. In this review paper, most recent studies on hydrochars (solid residue of the HTC process) production, characterization and application for wastewaters treatment was summarized and deeply discussed. The role of initial feedstock source nature and characteristics as well as the HTC experimental conditions including the temperature, the residence time and the pH media was assessed. Physical and chemical activation methods including the use of oxygen, steam, microwave, acids, alkaline, organics and salty solutions for the improvement of the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrochars are compared. The efficiency of these raw/modified hydrochars along with the involved mechanisms during organic (dyes) and mineral pollutants (heavy metals and nutrients) removal from aqueous solutions is also reviewed. Finally, this paper addresses the main challenges and also demonstrates insights on new directions for hydrochars research and development in the future.
KW - Activation
KW - Adsorption mechanisms
KW - Hydrochar
KW - Hydrothermal carbonization
KW - Water treatment
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U2 - 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109882
DO - 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109882
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85084198936
SN - 1364-0321
VL - 127
JO - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
M1 - 109882
ER -
