TY - JOUR
T1 - Factors Impacting Life Expectancy in Bahrain
T2 - Evidence from 1971 to 2020 Data
AU - Wirayuda, Anak Agung Bagus
AU - Al-Mahrezi, Abdulaziz
AU - Chan, Moon Fai
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the International Research Collaboration Co-Fund QU-SQU, (grant number CL/SQU-QU/MED/22/01).
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.
PY - 2022/10/9
Y1 - 2022/10/9
N2 - The factors impacting life expectancy (LE) are important to a country as LE reflects the essential quality of its population. Previous studies showed that other than economic factors, health status and resources (HSR) and sociodemographic (SD) also affect LE. This area has not been previously studied in Bahrain, especially in the past five decades. Hence, this study aims to develop an explanatory model for HSR, macroeconomic (ME), and SD factors on LE in Bahrain. The research was a retrospective, time-series design that collected the annual published data on SD, ME, HSR, and LE in Bahrain's population from 1971 to 2020. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The result shows that ME (0.463, P <.001) and HSR (0.595, P <.001) have significant direct effects on LE. ME has an indirect effect (0.488, P <.001) on LE via SD and HSR, and SD has an indirect effect (0.496, P <.001) on LE through HSR. During the socioeconomic downturn, the health resources provision should not be reduced as it directly affects LE. An integrated policy addressing socioeconomic and health-related factors could protect the future of Bahrain's population health outcomes.
AB - The factors impacting life expectancy (LE) are important to a country as LE reflects the essential quality of its population. Previous studies showed that other than economic factors, health status and resources (HSR) and sociodemographic (SD) also affect LE. This area has not been previously studied in Bahrain, especially in the past five decades. Hence, this study aims to develop an explanatory model for HSR, macroeconomic (ME), and SD factors on LE in Bahrain. The research was a retrospective, time-series design that collected the annual published data on SD, ME, HSR, and LE in Bahrain's population from 1971 to 2020. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The result shows that ME (0.463, P <.001) and HSR (0.595, P <.001) have significant direct effects on LE. ME has an indirect effect (0.488, P <.001) on LE via SD and HSR, and SD has an indirect effect (0.496, P <.001) on LE through HSR. During the socioeconomic downturn, the health resources provision should not be reduced as it directly affects LE. An integrated policy addressing socioeconomic and health-related factors could protect the future of Bahrain's population health outcomes.
KW - Bahrain
KW - determinants
KW - factors
KW - health resources
KW - health status
KW - life expectancy
KW - macroeconomic
KW - PLS-SEM
KW - sociodemographic
KW - structural equation model
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U2 - 10.1177/00207314221129052
DO - 10.1177/00207314221129052
M3 - Article
C2 - 36214193
AN - SCOPUS:85139388857
SN - 0020-7314
SP - 207314221129052
JO - International Journal of Health Services
JF - International Journal of Health Services
ER -
