TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of synthesized green carbon catalyst from waste date pits for tertiary butylation of phenol
AU - Jamil, Farrukh
AU - Al-Muhtaseb, Ala'a H.
AU - Naushad, Mu
AU - Baawain, Mahad
AU - Al-Mamun, Abdullah
AU - Saxena, Sandeep K.
AU - Viswanadham, N.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank “The Research Council” of Oman for their generous financial support under grant number ORG/EI/13/013 and for the generous financial support of the Oman India Fertiliser Company S.A.O.C. One of the authors (Mu. Naushad) is grateful to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2019/8), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for the support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Authors
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - The present study is intended to adopt a facile method for preparing a sulphonated green carbon catalyst from date pits biomass. Catalyst synthesis involves in situ carbonization and sulphonation and it has been characterized by following techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET. Surface and internal morphology results exhibited that the synthesized sulphonated carbon material possesses a mesoporous structure, while activated carbon possesses a microporous structure. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of acidic groups ([sbnd]OH, [sbnd]COOH, and [sbnd]SO3H) in synthesized sulphonated carbon material. Sulphonated carbon material exhibited high acidity (4.7 mmol/g) and good thermal stability. The application of this catalyst for the tertiary butylation of phenol without using any solvent has been investigated. The phenol alkylation reaction showed maximum conversion at reaction condition: temperature (140 °C) with 2 bar (nitrogen gas) pressure with maximum phenol conversion 79.27 wt%, with 68.01% selectivity towards 4TBP+2,4TBP, which is used as an intermediate in antioxidants. The catalyst exhibits comparable catalytic performance up to five reaction cycles. Thus it can be concluded that waste date pits can be successfully employed for green catalyst synthesis and used for reactions involving large molecules.
AB - The present study is intended to adopt a facile method for preparing a sulphonated green carbon catalyst from date pits biomass. Catalyst synthesis involves in situ carbonization and sulphonation and it has been characterized by following techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET. Surface and internal morphology results exhibited that the synthesized sulphonated carbon material possesses a mesoporous structure, while activated carbon possesses a microporous structure. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of acidic groups ([sbnd]OH, [sbnd]COOH, and [sbnd]SO3H) in synthesized sulphonated carbon material. Sulphonated carbon material exhibited high acidity (4.7 mmol/g) and good thermal stability. The application of this catalyst for the tertiary butylation of phenol without using any solvent has been investigated. The phenol alkylation reaction showed maximum conversion at reaction condition: temperature (140 °C) with 2 bar (nitrogen gas) pressure with maximum phenol conversion 79.27 wt%, with 68.01% selectivity towards 4TBP+2,4TBP, which is used as an intermediate in antioxidants. The catalyst exhibits comparable catalytic performance up to five reaction cycles. Thus it can be concluded that waste date pits can be successfully employed for green catalyst synthesis and used for reactions involving large molecules.
KW - Butylation
KW - Carbonization
KW - Phenol
KW - Sulphonation
KW - Waste date seeds
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U2 - 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.04.009
DO - 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.04.009
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85018240507
SN - 1878-5352
VL - 13
SP - 298
EP - 307
JO - Arabian Journal of Chemistry
JF - Arabian Journal of Chemistry
IS - 1
ER -