TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative plasma pharmacokinetics and tolerance of florfenicol following intramuscular and intravenous administration to camels, sheep and goats
AU - Ali, Badreldin H.
AU - Al-Qarawi, A. A.
AU - Hashaad, M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by a grant from King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology (grant no. 5/49). Thanks are due to Dr Abdulla Mansoor Hawas and Mr Hassan Kheery for help with the animals.
PY - 2003/9
Y1 - 2003/9
N2 - Florfenicol, a monofluorinated analogue of thiamphenicol, has a broad antibacterial spectrum. The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was studied following a single intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight in healthy male camels, sheep and goats. The concentration of florfenicol in plasma was determined using a microbiological assay. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a two-compartment open model. Following i.m. administration, the maximum plasma concentration of florfenicol (Cmax) reached in camels, sheep and goats was 0.84±0.08, 1.04±0.10 and 1.21±0.10 μg/ml, respectively, the the time required to reach Cmax (tmax) in the same three respective species was 1.51±0.14, 1.44±0.10 and 1.21±0.10 h. The terminal half-life (t1/2β) and the fraction of the drug absorbed (F%) in camels, sheep and goats were 151.3±16.33, 137.0±12.16 and 127.4±11.0 min, and 69.20%±7.8%, 65.82%±6.7% and 60.88%±5.9%, respectively. The MRT in the same three respective species was 4.01±0.45, 3.42±0.39 and 2.98±0.32 h. Following i.v. administration, the terminal half-life (t1/2β) and total body clearance (ClB) in camels, sheep and goats were 89.5±9.2, 78.8±8.3 and 71.1±8.9 min and 0.33±0.04, 0.30±0.03 and 0.27±0.03 L/h per kg, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC0-∞) and the mean residence time (MRT) in the same three respective species were 60.61±6.98, 62.45±6.56 and 74.07±7.85 μg/ml per h, and 2.71±0.31, 2.34±0.25 and 2.11±0.23 h. These data suggest that sheep and goats absorb and clear florfenicol to a broadly similar extent, but the rate and extent of absorption of the drug tends to be higher in camels. Drug treatment caused no clinically overt adverse effects. Plasma enzyme activities and metabolites indicative of hepatic and renal functions measured 1, 2, 4 and 7 days following the drug treatment were within the normal range, indicating that the drug is safe at the dose used.
AB - Florfenicol, a monofluorinated analogue of thiamphenicol, has a broad antibacterial spectrum. The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was studied following a single intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight in healthy male camels, sheep and goats. The concentration of florfenicol in plasma was determined using a microbiological assay. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a two-compartment open model. Following i.m. administration, the maximum plasma concentration of florfenicol (Cmax) reached in camels, sheep and goats was 0.84±0.08, 1.04±0.10 and 1.21±0.10 μg/ml, respectively, the the time required to reach Cmax (tmax) in the same three respective species was 1.51±0.14, 1.44±0.10 and 1.21±0.10 h. The terminal half-life (t1/2β) and the fraction of the drug absorbed (F%) in camels, sheep and goats were 151.3±16.33, 137.0±12.16 and 127.4±11.0 min, and 69.20%±7.8%, 65.82%±6.7% and 60.88%±5.9%, respectively. The MRT in the same three respective species was 4.01±0.45, 3.42±0.39 and 2.98±0.32 h. Following i.v. administration, the terminal half-life (t1/2β) and total body clearance (ClB) in camels, sheep and goats were 89.5±9.2, 78.8±8.3 and 71.1±8.9 min and 0.33±0.04, 0.30±0.03 and 0.27±0.03 L/h per kg, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC0-∞) and the mean residence time (MRT) in the same three respective species were 60.61±6.98, 62.45±6.56 and 74.07±7.85 μg/ml per h, and 2.71±0.31, 2.34±0.25 and 2.11±0.23 h. These data suggest that sheep and goats absorb and clear florfenicol to a broadly similar extent, but the rate and extent of absorption of the drug tends to be higher in camels. Drug treatment caused no clinically overt adverse effects. Plasma enzyme activities and metabolites indicative of hepatic and renal functions measured 1, 2, 4 and 7 days following the drug treatment were within the normal range, indicating that the drug is safe at the dose used.
KW - Camels
KW - Florfenicol
KW - Goats
KW - Kinetics
KW - Sheep
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U2 - 10.1023/A:1025741724701
DO - 10.1023/A:1025741724701
M3 - Article
C2 - 14582746
AN - SCOPUS:0142062597
SN - 0165-7380
VL - 27
SP - 475
EP - 483
JO - Veterinary Research Communications
JF - Veterinary Research Communications
IS - 6
ER -