TY - JOUR
T1 - An efficient and reliable grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs by exploiting minimum hop count
AU - Al-Salti, F.
AU - Alzeidi, Nasser
AU - Day, Khaled
AU - Touzene, Abderezak
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by The Research Council (TRC) of the Sultanate of Oman under the research grant number RC/SCI/COMP/15/02 .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2019/10/24
Y1 - 2019/10/24
N2 - The need for devising an energy-efficient and reliable routing protocol in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is still an open research issue. The characteristics of underwater environment and acoustic communications make the achievement of reliability and efficiency a challenging task. In this work, we develop and assess a grid-based protocol, termed an efficient and reliable grid-based routing by exploiting minimum hop count (ERGR-EMHC). ERGR-EMHC divides the network into 3-dimensional grid of cells, in which neighboring cells are classified based on their minimum hop count to the sink cells. Packets are forwarded in a cell-by-cell manner through some elected nodes called cell-heads. Furthermore, source nodes can adaptively specify the number of hops that the packet should not exceed based, for example, on traffic rate. Moreover, the protocol adapts a void handling mechanism to increase the reliability of packet transmission. Evaluation results reveal that the ERGR-EMHC significantly improves the energy consumption, average delay, packet delivery ratio and network overhead in all tested scenarios compared to VBF and GBPR routing protocols. In addition, ERGR-EMHC and GBPR improve the network lifetime compared to VBF protocol.
AB - The need for devising an energy-efficient and reliable routing protocol in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is still an open research issue. The characteristics of underwater environment and acoustic communications make the achievement of reliability and efficiency a challenging task. In this work, we develop and assess a grid-based protocol, termed an efficient and reliable grid-based routing by exploiting minimum hop count (ERGR-EMHC). ERGR-EMHC divides the network into 3-dimensional grid of cells, in which neighboring cells are classified based on their minimum hop count to the sink cells. Packets are forwarded in a cell-by-cell manner through some elected nodes called cell-heads. Furthermore, source nodes can adaptively specify the number of hops that the packet should not exceed based, for example, on traffic rate. Moreover, the protocol adapts a void handling mechanism to increase the reliability of packet transmission. Evaluation results reveal that the ERGR-EMHC significantly improves the energy consumption, average delay, packet delivery ratio and network overhead in all tested scenarios compared to VBF and GBPR routing protocols. In addition, ERGR-EMHC and GBPR improve the network lifetime compared to VBF protocol.
KW - Cell-head
KW - Geographic routing
KW - Minimum hop count
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U2 - 10.1016/j.comnet.2019.106869
DO - 10.1016/j.comnet.2019.106869
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85069896442
SN - 1389-1286
VL - 162
JO - Computer Networks
JF - Computer Networks
M1 - 106869
ER -