TY - JOUR
T1 - A fuzzy logic-based secure hierarchical routing scheme using firefly algorithm in Internet of Things for healthcare
AU - Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
AU - Yoo, Joon
AU - Ali, Saqib
AU - Lansky, Jan
AU - Mildeova, Stanislava
AU - Yousefpoor, Mohammad Sadegh
AU - Ahmed, Omed Hassan
AU - Rahmani, Amir Masoud
AU - Tightiz, Lilia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/7/8
Y1 - 2023/7/8
N2 - The Internet of Things (IoT) is a universal network to supervise the physical world through sensors installed on different devices. The network can improve many areas, including healthcare because IoT technology has the potential to reduce pressure caused by aging and chronic diseases on healthcare systems. For this reason, researchers attempt to solve the challenges of this technology in healthcare. In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based secure hierarchical routing scheme using the firefly algorithm (FSRF) is presented for IoT-based healthcare systems. FSRF comprises three main frameworks: fuzzy trust framework, firefly algorithm-based clustering framework, and inter-cluster routing framework. A fuzzy logic-based trust framework is responsible for evaluating the trust of IoT devices on the network. This framework identifies and prevents routing attacks like black hole, flooding, wormhole, sinkhole, and selective forwarding. Moreover, FSRF supports a clustering framework based on the firefly algorithm. It presents a fitness function that evaluates the chance of IoT devices to be cluster head nodes. The design of this function is based on trust level, residual energy, hop count, communication radius, and centrality. Also, FSRF involves an on-demand routing framework to decide on reliable and energy-efficient paths that can send the data to the destination faster. Finally, FSRF is compared to the energy-efficient multi-level secure routing protocol (EEMSR) and the enhanced balanced energy-efficient network-integrated super heterogeneous (E-BEENISH) routing method based on network lifetime, energy stored in IoT devices, and packet delivery rate (PDR). These results prove that FSRF improves network longevity by 10.34% and 56.35% and the energy stored in the nodes by 10.79% and 28.51% compared to EEMSR and E-BEENISH, respectively. However, FSRF is weaker than EEMSR in terms of security. Furthermore, PDR in this method has dropped slightly (almost 1.4%) compared to that in EEMSR.
AB - The Internet of Things (IoT) is a universal network to supervise the physical world through sensors installed on different devices. The network can improve many areas, including healthcare because IoT technology has the potential to reduce pressure caused by aging and chronic diseases on healthcare systems. For this reason, researchers attempt to solve the challenges of this technology in healthcare. In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based secure hierarchical routing scheme using the firefly algorithm (FSRF) is presented for IoT-based healthcare systems. FSRF comprises three main frameworks: fuzzy trust framework, firefly algorithm-based clustering framework, and inter-cluster routing framework. A fuzzy logic-based trust framework is responsible for evaluating the trust of IoT devices on the network. This framework identifies and prevents routing attacks like black hole, flooding, wormhole, sinkhole, and selective forwarding. Moreover, FSRF supports a clustering framework based on the firefly algorithm. It presents a fitness function that evaluates the chance of IoT devices to be cluster head nodes. The design of this function is based on trust level, residual energy, hop count, communication radius, and centrality. Also, FSRF involves an on-demand routing framework to decide on reliable and energy-efficient paths that can send the data to the destination faster. Finally, FSRF is compared to the energy-efficient multi-level secure routing protocol (EEMSR) and the enhanced balanced energy-efficient network-integrated super heterogeneous (E-BEENISH) routing method based on network lifetime, energy stored in IoT devices, and packet delivery rate (PDR). These results prove that FSRF improves network longevity by 10.34% and 56.35% and the energy stored in the nodes by 10.79% and 28.51% compared to EEMSR and E-BEENISH, respectively. However, FSRF is weaker than EEMSR in terms of security. Furthermore, PDR in this method has dropped slightly (almost 1.4%) compared to that in EEMSR.
KW - Fuzzy Logic
KW - Internet of Things
KW - Health Facilities
KW - Algorithms
KW - Delivery of Health Care
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85164201070&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/854c80f6-735c-390c-b7cd-e327036e8c20/
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-023-38203-9
DO - 10.1038/s41598-023-38203-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 37422490
AN - SCOPUS:85164201070
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 13
SP - 11058
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 11058
ER -