Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Assessment of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease in Oman

The gestational trophoblastic disease is a range of pathological conditions spreading from premalignant conditions of hydatidiform mole, which can be further classified into a partial and complete hydatidiform mole, to malignant conditions including invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. It is common in Asia and occurs in one in 386 births in Oman. The most common risk factors include maternal age and multiparty. Early differentiation of these types is important to determine treatment strategy and prognosis. Histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining characterize the classification of molar pregnancies into complete and partial hydatidiform moles. To date, there is no biomarker to predict post?molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. The current study aims to determine if the immunohistochemical expression of several antibodies (P57/KIP2, P53 protein), as well as ploidy assessment using Silver in-situ hybridization method, could aid in differentiating behavior of the partial mole from the complete mole and highlight the prognostic markers of the gestational trophoblastic disease. These markers will afford important information for the diagnosis and progression of the disease in Oman.