TY - JOUR
T1 - Valorization of waste “date seeds” bio-glycerol for synthesizing oxidative green fuel additive
AU - Jamil, Farrukh
AU - Saxena, Sandeep K.
AU - Al-Muhtaseb, Ala'a H.
AU - Baawain, Mahad
AU - Al-Abri, Mohammed
AU - Viswanadham, Nagabhatla
AU - Kumar, Gopalakrishnan
AU - Abu-Jrai, Ahmad M.
PY - 2017/11/1
Y1 - 2017/11/1
N2 - Bio-glycerol is a polar triol with a high boiling point and obtained as a by-product from transesterification of plant based oils. In this study, a fuel additive (Solketal, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol) was synthesized from the condensation of bio-glycerol with acetone in the presence of different tailored forms of beta zeolite. The bio-glycerol was obtained from the transesterification of waste “date seed” oil. Beta zeolite catalysts treated with acids (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and oxalic acid) exhibited enhanced catalytic activity, irrespective of the nature of the acid used for the dealumination. Modified beta zeolite was characterized using the following techniques: X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Ammonia Temperature Programmed Desorption and Brunauer Emmett and Teller analysis. The nitric-acid-treated beta zeolite sample exhibited a higher conversion than the other acid-treated samples. At optimum conditions, the bio-glycerol conversion and solketal yield were 94.26% and 94.21 wt%, respectively. The best catalyst formulation was reusable without any significant loss in its activity. The process described in this study offers an attractive route for converting bio-glycerol to green fuel additive (solketal), which has a wide range of commercial applications.
AB - Bio-glycerol is a polar triol with a high boiling point and obtained as a by-product from transesterification of plant based oils. In this study, a fuel additive (Solketal, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol) was synthesized from the condensation of bio-glycerol with acetone in the presence of different tailored forms of beta zeolite. The bio-glycerol was obtained from the transesterification of waste “date seed” oil. Beta zeolite catalysts treated with acids (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and oxalic acid) exhibited enhanced catalytic activity, irrespective of the nature of the acid used for the dealumination. Modified beta zeolite was characterized using the following techniques: X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Ammonia Temperature Programmed Desorption and Brunauer Emmett and Teller analysis. The nitric-acid-treated beta zeolite sample exhibited a higher conversion than the other acid-treated samples. At optimum conditions, the bio-glycerol conversion and solketal yield were 94.26% and 94.21 wt%, respectively. The best catalyst formulation was reusable without any significant loss in its activity. The process described in this study offers an attractive route for converting bio-glycerol to green fuel additive (solketal), which has a wide range of commercial applications.
KW - Acetylation
KW - Beta zeolite
KW - Bio-acetone
KW - Bio-glycerol
KW - Date seeds
KW - Solketal
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.216
DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.216
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85028030821
SN - 0959-6526
VL - 165
SP - 1090
EP - 1096
JO - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF - Journal of Cleaner Production
ER -