Transition to sustainable hydrogen energy in Oman: implication for future socio-economic transformation and environmental well-being

Hydrogen is one of the most preferred types of clean energy forms needed to achieve a green economy, considering its potential to be stored in different energy forms. This study aims to review the potential renewable and non-renewable resources that can support the hydrogen economy in Oman. We have critically reviewed the ongoing green hydrogen projects, strategic national hydrogen production plans, hydrogen policies, and institutional capacities in Oman. The potential environmental and public health benefits of the hydrogen economy, including its associated challenges, were also reviewed. The study has pointed out that Oman is expected to install a total of 5.2 × 10³ electrolyzers to help achieve its green hydrogen production capacity of ~ 200 million tons per annum (Mtpa). There are plans to install ~300 million solar panels from its available lands and 1 × 10³ wind turbines to power 180GW electrolyzer capacity by the year 2050. These green hydrogen investments are expected to reach several billion US dollars. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enact specific policies and invest in innovative research programs toward achieving a sustainable green hydrogen supply chain in Oman while recognizing the potential safety and environmental issues that may arise from this investment.