TY - JOUR
T1 - The prospect of malaria elimination in the Arabian Peninsula
T2 - A population genetic approach
AU - Al-Hamidhi, Salama
AU - Mahdy, Mohammed A.K.
AU - Idris, Mohamed Ahmed
AU - Bin Dajem, Saad M.
AU - Al-Sheikh, Adel Ali H.
AU - Al-Qahtani, Ahmed
AU - Al-Hashami, Zainab
AU - Al-Farsi, Hissa
AU - Al-mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M.
AU - Saif-Ali, Riyadh
AU - Beja-Pereira, Albano
AU - Babiker, Hamza A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by Sultan Qaboos University, Oman , project IG/MED/BIOC/09/03, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology ( KACST ), Saudi Arabia, grant ( LR-4-13 ) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, grant UM-MOHE UM.C/HIR/MOHE/MED/18.
PY - 2014/10
Y1 - 2014/10
N2 - Background: In the Arabian Peninsula malaria control is progressing steadily, backed by adequate logistic and political support. As a result, transmission has been interrupted throughout the region, with exception of limited sites in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Here we examined Plasmodium falciparum parasites in these sites to assess if the above success has limited diversity and gene flow. Methods: We examined 108 P. falciparum isolates in three sites in Yemen (Taiz, Dhamar and Hodeidah) and 91 isolates from Saudi Arabia (Jazan). Nine microsatellites were analyzed for allelic diversity, multi-locus haplotype and inter-population differentiation. Results: Diversity at each locus (unbiased heterozygosity [. H]) was relatively lower in Yemen; (Hodeidah, H= 0.615, Taiz, H= 0.66, Dhamar, H= 0.481), compared to Saudi Arabia (Jazan, H= 0.76). Microsatellites were distributed widely and private alleles, detected in a single population, were rare.Pairwise comparisons revealed that parasites population in Dhamar was relatively distanced (FST=0.19). However, Taiz (Yemen) (FST=0.065) and Hodeidah (FST=0.107) populations were closer to that in Jazan (Saudi Arabia). Nonetheless, parasites in the four sites can be considered as one population. Conclusion: Although malaria risk in Saudi Arabia has been cut considerably, the extent of diversity and parasite genetic structure are indicative of a large population size. Elimination strategy should target demographic factors that favor parasite dispersal and flow of imported malaria.
AB - Background: In the Arabian Peninsula malaria control is progressing steadily, backed by adequate logistic and political support. As a result, transmission has been interrupted throughout the region, with exception of limited sites in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Here we examined Plasmodium falciparum parasites in these sites to assess if the above success has limited diversity and gene flow. Methods: We examined 108 P. falciparum isolates in three sites in Yemen (Taiz, Dhamar and Hodeidah) and 91 isolates from Saudi Arabia (Jazan). Nine microsatellites were analyzed for allelic diversity, multi-locus haplotype and inter-population differentiation. Results: Diversity at each locus (unbiased heterozygosity [. H]) was relatively lower in Yemen; (Hodeidah, H= 0.615, Taiz, H= 0.66, Dhamar, H= 0.481), compared to Saudi Arabia (Jazan, H= 0.76). Microsatellites were distributed widely and private alleles, detected in a single population, were rare.Pairwise comparisons revealed that parasites population in Dhamar was relatively distanced (FST=0.19). However, Taiz (Yemen) (FST=0.065) and Hodeidah (FST=0.107) populations were closer to that in Jazan (Saudi Arabia). Nonetheless, parasites in the four sites can be considered as one population. Conclusion: Although malaria risk in Saudi Arabia has been cut considerably, the extent of diversity and parasite genetic structure are indicative of a large population size. Elimination strategy should target demographic factors that favor parasite dispersal and flow of imported malaria.
KW - Arabian Peninsula
KW - Genetic diversity
KW - Plasmodium falciparum
KW - Population structure
KW - Saudi Arabia
KW - Yemen
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U2 - 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.015
DO - 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.015
M3 - Article
C2 - 24981966
AN - SCOPUS:84904316939
SN - 1567-1348
VL - 27
SP - 25
EP - 31
JO - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
JF - Infection, Genetics and Evolution
ER -