TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent developments in metallic-nanoparticles-loaded biochars synthesis and use for phosphorus recovery from aqueous solutions. A critical review
AU - Jellali, Salah
AU - Hadroug, Samar
AU - Al-Wardy, Malik
AU - Al-Nadabi, Hamed
AU - Nassr, Najat
AU - Jeguirim, Mejdi
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors would like to thank Sultan Qaboos University , Oman; Water Research and Technologies Centre, Tunisia; Rittmo- Agro-environnement, France, and Materials Science Institute, France for contributing to the funding of this work.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by Sultan Qaboos University ( TRC project: RC/RG-DVC/CESR/21/01 ), CERTE, Tunisia, Rittmo- Agro-environnement, and Materials Science Institute, France (national projects).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/9/1
Y1 - 2023/9/1
N2 - Phosphorus (P) represents a major pollutant of water resources and at the same time a vital element for human and plants. P recovery from wastewaters and its reuse is a necessity in order to compensate the current important depletion of P natural reserves. The use of biochars for P recovery from wastewaters and their subsequent valorization in agriculture, instead of synthetic industrial fertilizers, promotes circular economy and sustainability concepts. However, P retention by pristine biochars is usually low and a modification step is always required to improve their P recovery efficiency. The pre- or post-treatment of biochars with metal salts seems to be one of the most efficient approaches. This review aims to summarize and discuss the most recent developments (from 2020- up to now) in: i) the role of the feedstock nature, the metal salt type, the pyrolysis conditions, and the experimental adsorption parameters on metallic-nanoparticles-loaded biochars properties and effectiveness in recovering P from aqueous solutions, as well as the dominant involved mechanisms, ii) the effect of the eluent solutions nature on the regeneration ability of P-loaded biochars, and iii) the practical challenges facing the upscaling of P-loaded biochars production and valorization in agriculture. This review shows that the synthesized biochars through slow pyrolysis at relatively high temperatures (up to 700–800 °C) of mixed biomasses with Ca– Mg-rich materials or impregnated biomasses with specific metals in order to from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) biochars composites exhibit interesting structural, textural and surface chemistry properties allowing high P recovery efficiency. Depending on the pyrolysis's and adsorption's experimental conditions, these modified biochars may recover P through combined mechanisms including mainly electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, surface complexation, hydrogen bonding, and precipitation. Moreover, the P-loaded biochars can be used directly in agriculture or efficiently regenerated with alkaline solutions. Finally, this review emphasizes the challenges concerning the production and use of P-loaded biochars in a context of circular economy. They concern the optimization of P recovery process from wastewater in real-time scenarios, the reduction of energy-related biochars production costs and the intensification of communication/dissemination campaigns to all the concerned actors (i.e., farmers, consumers, stakeholders, and policymakers) on the benefits of P-loaded biochars reuse. We believe that this review is beneficial for new breakthroughs on the synthesis and green application of metallic-nanoparticles-loaded biochars.
AB - Phosphorus (P) represents a major pollutant of water resources and at the same time a vital element for human and plants. P recovery from wastewaters and its reuse is a necessity in order to compensate the current important depletion of P natural reserves. The use of biochars for P recovery from wastewaters and their subsequent valorization in agriculture, instead of synthetic industrial fertilizers, promotes circular economy and sustainability concepts. However, P retention by pristine biochars is usually low and a modification step is always required to improve their P recovery efficiency. The pre- or post-treatment of biochars with metal salts seems to be one of the most efficient approaches. This review aims to summarize and discuss the most recent developments (from 2020- up to now) in: i) the role of the feedstock nature, the metal salt type, the pyrolysis conditions, and the experimental adsorption parameters on metallic-nanoparticles-loaded biochars properties and effectiveness in recovering P from aqueous solutions, as well as the dominant involved mechanisms, ii) the effect of the eluent solutions nature on the regeneration ability of P-loaded biochars, and iii) the practical challenges facing the upscaling of P-loaded biochars production and valorization in agriculture. This review shows that the synthesized biochars through slow pyrolysis at relatively high temperatures (up to 700–800 °C) of mixed biomasses with Ca– Mg-rich materials or impregnated biomasses with specific metals in order to from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) biochars composites exhibit interesting structural, textural and surface chemistry properties allowing high P recovery efficiency. Depending on the pyrolysis's and adsorption's experimental conditions, these modified biochars may recover P through combined mechanisms including mainly electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, surface complexation, hydrogen bonding, and precipitation. Moreover, the P-loaded biochars can be used directly in agriculture or efficiently regenerated with alkaline solutions. Finally, this review emphasizes the challenges concerning the production and use of P-loaded biochars in a context of circular economy. They concern the optimization of P recovery process from wastewater in real-time scenarios, the reduction of energy-related biochars production costs and the intensification of communication/dissemination campaigns to all the concerned actors (i.e., farmers, consumers, stakeholders, and policymakers) on the benefits of P-loaded biochars reuse. We believe that this review is beneficial for new breakthroughs on the synthesis and green application of metallic-nanoparticles-loaded biochars.
KW - Mechanisms
KW - Modified biochars
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Pristine biochars
KW - Recovery
KW - Wastewaters
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Adsorption
KW - Humans
KW - Charcoal/chemistry
KW - Wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161016737&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85161016737&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/d0576019-3355-3776-bed5-03ae52fc7122/
U2 - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118307
DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118307
M3 - Article
C2 - 37269723
AN - SCOPUS:85161016737
SN - 0301-4797
VL - 342
SP - 118307
JO - Journal of Environmental Management
JF - Journal of Environmental Management
M1 - 118307
ER -