TY - JOUR
T1 - Radiation dose and cancer risk in patients undergoing multiple radiographs in intravenous urography X-ray examinations
AU - Suliman, I. I.
AU - Al-Jabri, Amna J.
AU - Badawi, A. A.
AU - Halato, M. A.
AU - Alzimami, K.
AU - Sulieman, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the hospitals for their time and cooperation. The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding of this research through the Research Group Project No. RGP-VPP-246 .
PY - 2014/11
Y1 - 2014/11
N2 - The purpose of the this study was to measure the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and body organs, and the effective doses in intravenous urography (IVU) X-ray examinations in Sudanese hospitals. Seventy-two patients who underwent IVU multiple radiographs from five hospitals (six rooms) were examined. ESAK was calculated from incident air kerma (Ki) using patient exposure parameters and tube output Y( d). Dose calculations were performed using CALDOSE X 5.1 Monte Carlo-based software. Risk of cancer induction (4-8) and mortality per million (2-4) varied. The gallbladder, colon, stomach, gonads and uterus received organ doses of 5.3, 3.6, 3.2, 0.61, and 0.8. mGy, respectively. ESAK values ranged from 6.6 to 15.3. mGy (effective doses: 0.70-1.6. mSv). Mean ESAK fall slightly above the diagnostic reference level. Several optimization strategies to improve dose performance were discussed. Reducing the number of radiographs and the use of technique charts according to patient sizes and anatomic areas are among the most important dose optimization tools in IVU.
AB - The purpose of the this study was to measure the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and body organs, and the effective doses in intravenous urography (IVU) X-ray examinations in Sudanese hospitals. Seventy-two patients who underwent IVU multiple radiographs from five hospitals (six rooms) were examined. ESAK was calculated from incident air kerma (Ki) using patient exposure parameters and tube output Y( d). Dose calculations were performed using CALDOSE X 5.1 Monte Carlo-based software. Risk of cancer induction (4-8) and mortality per million (2-4) varied. The gallbladder, colon, stomach, gonads and uterus received organ doses of 5.3, 3.6, 3.2, 0.61, and 0.8. mGy, respectively. ESAK values ranged from 6.6 to 15.3. mGy (effective doses: 0.70-1.6. mSv). Mean ESAK fall slightly above the diagnostic reference level. Several optimization strategies to improve dose performance were discussed. Reducing the number of radiographs and the use of technique charts according to patient sizes and anatomic areas are among the most important dose optimization tools in IVU.
KW - Effective dose
KW - Entrance surface air kerma
KW - Intravenous urography
KW - X-rays
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U2 - 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.12.018
DO - 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.12.018
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84905971562
SN - 0969-806X
VL - 104
SP - 272
EP - 275
JO - Radiation Physics and Chemistry
JF - Radiation Physics and Chemistry
ER -
