TY - JOUR
T1 - MicroRNA as a biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purpose in urinary tract cancer
AU - Soliman, Amro M.
AU - Soliman, Mohamed
AU - Das, Srijit
AU - Teoh, Seong Lin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - The incidence of urologic cancers, including kidney, upper tract urothelial, and bladder malignancies, is increasing globally, with a high percentage of cases showing metastasis upon diagnosis and low five-year survival rates. MicroRNA (miRNA), a small non-coding RNA, was found to regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in several tumors, including cancers of the urinary system. In the current review, we comprehensively discuss the recently reported up-or down-regulated miRNAs as well as their possible targets and regulated pathways involved in the development, progression, and metastasis of urinary tract cancers. These miRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers that may help in efficient and early diagnosis in addition to better treatment outcomes.
AB - The incidence of urologic cancers, including kidney, upper tract urothelial, and bladder malignancies, is increasing globally, with a high percentage of cases showing metastasis upon diagnosis and low five-year survival rates. MicroRNA (miRNA), a small non-coding RNA, was found to regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in several tumors, including cancers of the urinary system. In the current review, we comprehensively discuss the recently reported up-or down-regulated miRNAs as well as their possible targets and regulated pathways involved in the development, progression, and metastasis of urinary tract cancers. These miRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers that may help in efficient and early diagnosis in addition to better treatment outcomes.
KW - Diagnosis
KW - MiRNA
KW - Prognosis
KW - Renal-cell carcinoma
KW - Therapeutic targets
KW - Upper tract urothelial carcinoma
KW - Urinary bladder cancer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121751009&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85121751009&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/pr9122136
DO - 10.3390/pr9122136
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85121751009
SN - 2227-9717
VL - 9
JO - Processes
JF - Processes
IS - 12
M1 - 2136
ER -