Higher Body Mass Index and Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time increase the Risk of Cardiac Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury

Background: Cardiac surgery is the second leading cause of Acute Kidney Injury in intensive care settings. The incidence of cardiac surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury might be more than 30% in some cardiac surgery types. The associated factors for this complication are mostly ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation, hemolysis, and others. On the other hand, cardiac surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury can be reduced and prevented. Objective: This study aims to investigate the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury among cardiac surgery patients and the most common predictors of this complication. Methods: This study adopted a retrospective quantitative design. A convenience sample of 151 adult patients with any type of on-pump open heart surgery from three major hospitals was included. Data were collected from electronic medical records and analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: Two-thirds of the sample were males, 33.1% were overweight, and 55% underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cardiac surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury occurred in 49 patients (32.5%) and was significantly associated with higher patients' body mass index (OR = 1.112, p-value = 0.006) and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR = 1.015, p-value = 0.002). Implications for Nursing: Weight control and reduction of cardiopulmonary bypass time might decrease the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury, morbidity, and mortality and improve resource utilization. Conclusion: Obesity and more prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time increased the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury.