TY - JOUR
T1 - Edible oil-based switchable-hydrophilicity solvent liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of lead in food samples using flame-atomic absorption spectrometry
AU - Abdullahi, Aliyu B.
AU - Ismail, Salihu
AU - Alshana, Usama
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to express their gratitude to Prof. Dr. Nusret Ertaş, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, for his immense suggestions and contributions towards the completion of this work. None.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2023/5/1
Y1 - 2023/5/1
N2 - Edible oil-based switchable-hydrophilicity solvent liquid–liquid microextraction (EO-SHS-LLME) was used prior to the determination of lead as its metal chelate with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) by flame-atomic absorption spectrometry. Optimum extraction conditions were achieved using 600 µL of coconut oil as the extraction solvent, pH of sample solution adjusted to 4.50 and containing 1.0% (w/v) APDC, within 5.0 min complexation time, a 300 µL of 2.0 M sulfuric acid as the hydrophilicity switching-off trigger, and 150 µL of 8.0 M nitric acid as the back-extraction solution within 4.0 min back-extraction time. The limits of detection and quantification were found as 2.8 and 9.4 µg g−1, respectively. Good linearity was obtained with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.9961. Intraday and interday precision, expressed in terms of relative standard deviation, were less than 4.0% and 4.6%, respectively, while the linear dynamic range was from 12.6 to 175.0 µg g−1. Accuracy was checked by addition-recovery tests and percentage recoveries were found to be within the range of 97.1–106.0%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of lead in food samples (i.e., carrot, fish, onion, potato and yam) and satisfactory results were achieved.
AB - Edible oil-based switchable-hydrophilicity solvent liquid–liquid microextraction (EO-SHS-LLME) was used prior to the determination of lead as its metal chelate with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) by flame-atomic absorption spectrometry. Optimum extraction conditions were achieved using 600 µL of coconut oil as the extraction solvent, pH of sample solution adjusted to 4.50 and containing 1.0% (w/v) APDC, within 5.0 min complexation time, a 300 µL of 2.0 M sulfuric acid as the hydrophilicity switching-off trigger, and 150 µL of 8.0 M nitric acid as the back-extraction solution within 4.0 min back-extraction time. The limits of detection and quantification were found as 2.8 and 9.4 µg g−1, respectively. Good linearity was obtained with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.9961. Intraday and interday precision, expressed in terms of relative standard deviation, were less than 4.0% and 4.6%, respectively, while the linear dynamic range was from 12.6 to 175.0 µg g−1. Accuracy was checked by addition-recovery tests and percentage recoveries were found to be within the range of 97.1–106.0%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of lead in food samples (i.e., carrot, fish, onion, potato and yam) and satisfactory results were achieved.
KW - Edible oil
KW - Flame-atomic absorption spectrometry
KW - Food contamination
KW - Lead
KW - Liquid–liquid microextraction
KW - Switchable-hydrophilicity solvent
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105189
DO - 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105189
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147284673
SN - 0889-1575
VL - 118
SP - 105189
JO - Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
JF - Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
M1 - 105189
ER -