TY - JOUR
T1 - Cotton leaf curl disease in resistant cotton is associated with a single begomovirus that lacks an intact transcriptional activator protein
AU - Amrao, Luqman
AU - Amin, Imran
AU - Shahid, M. Shafiq
AU - Briddon, Rob W.
AU - Mansoor, Shahid
PY - 2010/9
Y1 - 2010/9
N2 - Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major limitation to cotton production across Pakistan and northwestern India. The disease first appeared in epidemic form in the 1980s and was shown to be caused by monopartite begomoviruses (seven distinct species have thus far been shown to be involved), frequently as multiple infections. Additionally, the viruses are associated with a specific satellite, the CLCuD betasatellite Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB), which is responsible for the distinctive disease symptoms, and a satellite-like molecule (termed an alphasatellite), the function of which is unclear. During the late 1990s, cotton varieties with conventional resistance were introduced, alleviating losses to cotton production. However, during 2001 a resistance breaking strain of CLCuD (known as the " Burewala" strain) appeared which spread across most cotton producing areas of Pakistan. We have conducted an analysis of the Burewala strain and show that, contrary to the earlier (Multan) strain, it consists of a single begomovirus. The virus is associated with a recombinant betasatellite, derived from the Multan strain, but we were unable to detect the presence of an alphasatellite. Sequence comparisons show the virus to be a new recombinant species, consisting of sequences derived from two of the viruses associated with the first epidemic, for which we propose the name Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV). Surprisingly the virus lacks an intact C2 gene, encoding the transcriptional activator protein, which is invariably present in begomoviruses. The possible mechanisms for the selection of a " defective" begomovirus are discussed.
AB - Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major limitation to cotton production across Pakistan and northwestern India. The disease first appeared in epidemic form in the 1980s and was shown to be caused by monopartite begomoviruses (seven distinct species have thus far been shown to be involved), frequently as multiple infections. Additionally, the viruses are associated with a specific satellite, the CLCuD betasatellite Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB), which is responsible for the distinctive disease symptoms, and a satellite-like molecule (termed an alphasatellite), the function of which is unclear. During the late 1990s, cotton varieties with conventional resistance were introduced, alleviating losses to cotton production. However, during 2001 a resistance breaking strain of CLCuD (known as the " Burewala" strain) appeared which spread across most cotton producing areas of Pakistan. We have conducted an analysis of the Burewala strain and show that, contrary to the earlier (Multan) strain, it consists of a single begomovirus. The virus is associated with a recombinant betasatellite, derived from the Multan strain, but we were unable to detect the presence of an alphasatellite. Sequence comparisons show the virus to be a new recombinant species, consisting of sequences derived from two of the viruses associated with the first epidemic, for which we propose the name Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV). Surprisingly the virus lacks an intact C2 gene, encoding the transcriptional activator protein, which is invariably present in begomoviruses. The possible mechanisms for the selection of a " defective" begomovirus are discussed.
KW - Alphasatellite
KW - Betasatellite
KW - Geminivirus
KW - Mutant
KW - Resistance
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U2 - 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.06.019
DO - 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.06.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 20600387
AN - SCOPUS:77955276651
SN - 0168-1702
VL - 152
SP - 153
EP - 163
JO - Virus Research
JF - Virus Research
IS - 1-2
ER -