Addition of two kerosene-based fuels to diesel–biodiesel fuel: Effect on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of CI engine

This work investigates the effect of adding two kerosene-based fuels namely jet fuel (J100) and paraffinic solvent (P100) to diesel and diesel–biodiesel blends on performance, combustion characteristics and emissions of high-compression ratio (21.5) compression ignition (CI) engine. Engine experiments were conducted at a constant speed of 2000 rpm over the entire load span. Experiments were performed using a single cylinder, air-cooled, 4-stroke, direct injection CI engine. Three volume-based blending ratios including 5%, 10% and 15% of each additive were separately-blended with neat diesel and with B30 (70% diesel, 30% biodiesel). The two additives have a same number of carbon atoms C₁₀−C₁₃. FT-IR and GC–MS measurements showed that J100 has higher aromatic/less paraffinic contents than P100. Engine experiments revealed that for binary blends, adding 15% of J100 and P100 to diesel achieved maximum average reduction of 8.4% and 5.6% in brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), respectively. Ternary blends kept running on bsfc close to this of diesel. For binary blends, stable performance of the engine was attained only with up to 10% addition of P100 or J100. For ternary blends, stable performance was achieved up to 10% and 15% of P100 and J100, respectively. Maximum reduction in NO_x emissions of 38.7% was achieved for D95-P5. While B30-J15 achieved maximum reduction in CO emission of 50.3%. Using optimization maps, 10% and 15% of J100 were found as the optimum blending ratios for binary and ternary blends, respectively. These ratios achieve stable and economic performance with low NO_x and CO emissions.