Active distribution network with efficient utilisation of distributed generation ancillary services

This study introduces an active distribution network with high penetration of inverter-based distributed generations (IBDGs) to improve the steady state, dynamic and transient performance of the distribution network. The size and location of the IBDGs, capacitor bank, on-load tap changers position and voltage regulator set points have been optimised to minimise the system losses, improve voltage profile and maximise the dynamic reactive power reserve. In addition to that, the adaptive master/slave roles are deployed in planning the active distribution network to achieve the best utilisation of each device based on its capability and response time in steady state, dynamic and transient operation. Indeed, the optimisation algorithm allows the IBDGs to operate in an inductive mode of operation during steady state resulted in maximising the dynamic reactive power reserve. Consequently, the IBDGs react with large dynamic margin in response to grid fault leading to enhanced voltage recovery and improved transient response. A comprehensive system optimisation and transient analysis are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the distribution network for enhancing the voltage profile, increasing the penetration level of renewable energy distributed generation, IBDGs, and improving the transient recovery in response to severe grid fault.