الزمن في قصائد الاستدعاء: قراءة للظواهر الزمنيّة في قصيدة محمود درويش (أنا وجميل بثينة)

Evocation poems rely on summoning historical figures with suggestive weight to present the meaning indirectly. Despite the valuable objective advantages that distinguish this genre, the evocation situation imposes artistic problems due to the text being based on duality of discourse and temporal shifts. This research aims to address the element of time. In the summoning poems, relying on Heidegger’s existential phenomenology, it started from the summoning poetry’s abandonment of real time to link the text to an existential temporal context that enables it to mix times. The research sought to reveal the temporal phenomena related to the summoning poetry through studying time in the text (I and Jamil Buthaina) by Mahmoud. Darwish to determine its elements and its impact on the meaning, the quality of time, the actual time of the text, and the time of the textual vision.